theories of family sociology ppt
(1996); Molm & Cook (1995), http://hhd.csun.edu/hillwilliams/542/Social%20Exchange%20Theory.htm, http://hhd.csun.edu/hillwilliams/542/Human%20Ecological%20Theory.htm, http://www.sasklearning.gov.sk.ca/branches/psych_portal/images/ecological_model1.jpg, http://hhd.csun.edu/hillwilliams/542/Feminist%20Family%20Theory.htm. Radical feminist theories insist the oppression of women is fundamental. -Grandparents. As it developed through the centuries, and especially during industrialization, the family also became more and more of a patriarchal unit (see earlier discussion), helping to ensure mens status at the top of the social hierarchy. 4 Pages. A classic study by Mirra Komarovsky (1964) found that wives in blue-collar marriages liked to talk with their husbands about problems they were having, while husbands tended to be quiet when problems occurred. The feminist perspective is about choice and about equally valuing the choices individuals make.26 Feminist theories are a group of theories which focus on four important themes: recognition of womens oppression; an examination of what contributes to the maintenance of that oppression; a commitment to ending the unjust subordination; a futuristic vision of equality.27, Womens subordination appears in works of Plato, who believed that men were more virtuous by nature, and others who believed men had more intellectual and reasoning capabilities. The chronosystem encompasses change or consistency over time in the characteristics of the person and the environment in which the person lives (e.g., changes in family structure, SES, place of residence and community, society, cultural, and historical changes).25. The life course perspective acknowledges the variance in the possible sequence of events, as well as, the omission of some events, such as not having children. According to Freud, failure to properly engage in or disengage from a specific stage results in emotional and psychological consequences throughout adulthood. Much like a mechanic would interface with the computer system of a broken down car to diagnose which systems are broken (transmission, electric, fuel, etc.) The status of the children is decided by the status of the mother. These theories have been developed by people with a variety of areas of emphasis, from family therapists to gerontologists to child development specialists. Interactionists also recognize how the family status roles of each member are socially constructed, playing an important part in how people perceive and interpret social behavior. Theoretical statements are abstract statements employing . These larger ideals and expectations inform institutions that will ultimately impact the individual. Sociologist George Murdock conducted a survey of 250 societies and determined that there are four universal residual functions of the family: sexual, reproductive, educational, and economic (Lee 1985). The family is a system within larger suprasystems of society and attempts to maintain equilibrium by adapting to demands and to changes in the larger system. We find cultural values and beliefs at the level of macrosystems. When the discussion about closing military bases comes up in Washington DC, Senators and members of Congress go to work trying to keep their communitys bases open. It explains human behaviour at a microscopic, small-scale level through which we can understand societal structures. But perhaps most stressful is that there are three brand new babies in the house (see Figure 4). Individuals tend to influence each other by considering their partners previous choices when making their own choices. For example, to appreciate what is going on with a student in math, the relationship between the student and teacher should be known. To be successful, family members need to adapt to changing needs and demands and to attend to tasks that are necessary to ensure family survival. Sociology definition: The three theories are used at the same time in history. If the findings and generalizations do not support the theory, the sociologist rethinks and revisits the assumptions s/he made. Worlds of pain: Life in the working-class family. An example of how we might view a child of divorce with the Ecological Theory would be that his family configuration has changed (microsystem); one parent doesnt come to parent-teacher conferences anymore (mesosystem); his mom has to get a full time job and work more hours and be away from him for more hours per day (exosystem); societys views of divorce may make it easy or difficult for him to deal with the divorce (macrosystem); and his SES may have declined, his family structure has changed, his place of residence may have changed. Sociological views on today's families generally fall into the functional, conflict, and social interactionist approaches introduced earlier in this book. Marias mother was a college graduate and has been a big help to Jos who is a sophomore in college and a basketball team member. Functionalists-they stress the ways a group works together to create a stable society. These multiple time clocks include ontogenetic, or individual, time which is comprised of personal events, generational time which consists of family transitions or events, and historical time which refers to social events. This is a very useful theory for understanding other people, improving communication, and in understanding cross-cultural relations. Binoculars serve to magnify, enlarge, clarify, and expand our view of the thing we are looking at. By looking at the family as a complex system with inter-locking and interdependent subsystems, solutions can be found among the members of the system and subsystems. The relationship between parents and schools, for example will indirectly affect the child. Have you ever had anyone youve greeted actually answer your question of How are you? Most of us never have. Weber studied capitalism further but argued against Marxs outright rejection of it. For example, if the father assumes an expressive role such as providing daytime care for the children, the mother must take on an instrumental role such as gaining paid employment outside of the home in order for the family to maintain balance and function. The success or difficulty of achieving the developmental tasks in each stage leads to readiness for the next stage. Interactionists stress that family is not an objective, concrete reality. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. Relatives other than parents and children. This PPT covers the role and function of the Sociological concept of the family. The family ideally serves several functions for society. This essay is going to explain three mostly commonly mentioned sociological theories of the family which are Functionalism, Marxism and Feminism. In addition, sudden or far-reaching changes in the familys structure or processes threaten its stability and weaken society. Contenido. Families will move through each stage in order across time. Symbolic Interactionism helps you to know what the expectations of your roles are and if you perceive yourself as doing a good job or not in meeting those expectations. The have-nots or Marxs proletariat are the common working class, lower class, and poor members of society. So another part of society, the normative organization of Habitat for Humanity, steps in and makes adjustments; they buy lots, get donations and volunteers and build homes helping to bring society back into equilibrium. Such gender differences seem less common in middle-class families, where men are better educated and more emotionally expressive than their working-class counterparts. They devised a theory on aging that had assumptions built into it. Sociological theories are the core and underlying strength of the discipline. That is not to say that all sociological phenomena are conflict-based. Family Systems Theory claims that the family is understood best by conceptualizing it as a complex, dynamic, and changing collection of parts, subsystems and . Feminist theory is a theoretical perspective that is couched primarily in Conflict Theory assumptions, but has added the dimension of sex or gender to the study of society. (1995); Hagestad & Neugarten (1985), Albrecht, Bahr, & Goodman. Tannen, D. (2001). Authority is institutionalized, legitimate power. Types of Family in Sociology PPT: Types and Functions. This best-selling text draws upon eight major theoretical frameworks developed by key social scientists to explain variation in . Each larger circle is a system that is less directly connected to the individual in the center although it does have some influence over the person. An example of this interaction is a parent-teacher conference.23, Figure 5. (1995), Klein & White. When considering the role of family in society, functionalists uphold the notion that families are an important social institution and that they play a key role in stabilizing society. Functional Theorists would say that component parts of society respond to dysfunctions in ways that help to resolve problems. Lets consider the three major theoretical perspectives one at a time. A large number of subsystems in ones life does not automatically imply strain or stress. Social exchange theory acknowledges individuals do not always act rationally, but assumes those departures from rational behavior will follow predictable patterns.21 This theory assumes that humans act rationally when deciding on an exchange; however, this is not always true.22. Instead, and as the news story that began this chapter tragically illustrated, they argue, shout, and use emotional cruelty and physical violence. These words, like many others carry immense meaning and when juxtaposed sound like the beginning of philosophical ideas. The first study of marital power was performed in 1960. (1996); Molm & Cook. Marx and Weber, were they alive today, would likely use Conflict Theory to study the unprecedented bail outs by the U.S. government which have proven to be a rich-to-rich wealth transfer or to help guide the explanation of private health care companies benefiting from illness and poverty. Stage 4: Families with Schoolchildren where the oldest child is 6-13 years old. Sociological Theories Class Notes Ch 1.3 What is a theoretical perspective? 12.3B: The Conflict Perspective is shared under a CC BY-SA license and was . More specifically, the main sociological theories of modernization are based on the ideas of evolutionism, functionalism, and diffusionism. The point is that when we define our situation as being real, we act as though it is real (regardless of the objective facts in the matter). New York, NY: Random House. Because families pass along their wealth to their children, and because families differ greatly in the amount of wealth they have, the family helps reinforce existing inequality. Marx was a witness to oppression perpetrated by societys elite members against the masses of poor. This house is now finished and lived in, thanks mostly to the Habitat non-profit process and the work of many volunteers. Once the study is administered, the findings and generalizations can be considered to see if they support the theory. Each letter is a symbol. theories, history importance and basic research methods of sociology, and its relationship to other disciplines. Lots of homeless people are a dysfunction for society; think about what would happen if half of society was homeless for example. According to Murdock, the family (which for him includes the state of marriage) regulates sexual relations between individuals. Extended Family System Strain on Maria. 309) believed that "the nuclear family is a social system" which consists of a straight married couple and around two to five children, "can be distinguished, and does function as a significant group" (1956, pg.308). The family performs several essential functions for society. Its a greeting, not a question in the U.S. culture and a Symbolic Interactionist would be interested in how it changed from a question to a greeting. Mesosystems are interactions between those surrounding the individual. These outcomes may be exchange relationships with other individuals. Larger institutions such as the mass media or the healthcare system are referred to as the exosystem. When one resource outweighs another resource then it may become a barrier(e.g., the wifes income may be a resource that enables her to leave the marriage, but her husbands income may be so great that it may be a barrier to leaving since she wont be able to enjoy the life to which she has become accustomed without his income).14 Barriers are the costs of making a choice.15 Several studies find when barriers are many and alternatives are few individuals may remain in dissatisfied marriages.16, Alternatives are the variety of possible exchange relations available to individuals. Barriers to change and attractiveness of alternatives are the main elements of social exchange theory when used to guide the investigation of divorce.13, There are several terms which are central to social exchange theory that must be defined prior to a discussion of the theory. Figure 5 shows the model with its systems. This perspective allows the researcher to disentangle the effects of age, period, and cohort to obtain a more accurate picture of family dynamics. Growth from one stage to another is going to happen. Family theories. There are still many imbalances in the investment, mortgage, and banking sectors which have to be readjusted; but, thats the point-society readjusts and eventually recovers. This theory also addresses the issue of boundaries. of Sociology, UW Other titles: Tahoma Arial Wingdings Times New Roman Blends 1_Blends What is Theory? It is crucial to recognize the importance of the interactions of these time frames, since for instance historical events will impact individuals life trajectories, such as the events of war or economic depression. The theory still focuses on developmental tasks which are the growth responsibilities that arise at certain stages in the life of the family. Boundaries are distinct emotional, psychological, or physical separateness between individuals, roles, and subsystems in the family. Sociologist Talcott Parsons, who is a key figure in the functionalist perspective theory, saw society as connected parts which they would do their parts to maintain the society. . They are committed to social and legal reforms that will create equal opportunities for women, ending sex discrimination, and challenging sex stereotyping.30 Social feminists believe women are oppressed by capitalism. They guide researchers in their studies; they also guide practitioners in their intervention strategies. to repair it, a therapist or researcher would interact with family members to diagnose how and where the systems of the family are working and where they are in need of repair or intervention. Why are they important?? Rubin, L. B. They guide researchers in their studies; they also guide practitioners in their intervention strategies. Elizabeth Cady, Stanton established the National Organization of Women (NOW). sociology with the study of the modern, industrialized societies of western world. Theories are sets of interrelated concepts and ideas that have been scientifically tested and combined to magnify, enlarge, clarify, and expand our understanding of people, their behaviors, and their societies. Over the years researchers have found the necessity to develop theories of behavior that are specific to family settings. Age effects are an artifact of maturation of individuals while period effects influence the life courses of individuals across birth cohorts. Early twentieth century attempts to historicize the family were thus produced by sociologists: Arthur W. Calhoun's three-volume History of the American Family (1919), for example, closely aligns familial change with economic change. Thus, this model allows the analysis of the lives of people, living organisms whose biopsychological characteristics, both as a species and as individuals, have as much to do with their development as do the environments in which they live their lives (Bronfenbrenner, 1995, p. 8). His theories are still vital to the study of sociology, economics, history and numerous other subjects today. Susan B. Anthony was chosen to represent the Suffragists (women who worked for the vote for women) because of her less radical views. As you can already tell, Functionalism is more positive and optimistic than Conflict Theory. They were on the west side of a gully and frustrated many who lived on the east side who were forced to drive through these slums to reach their own mansions.
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